Low cost automotive insurance coverage Modesto CA is a scorching subject, proper? Discovering the very best deal in Modesto can really feel like looking for a needle in a haystack. This information breaks down the ins and outs, from evaluating quotes to understanding the hidden charges. Prepare to avoid wasting massive in your automotive insurance coverage in Modesto!
We’ll cowl the whole lot from common charges in Modesto to the very best methods for locating the most affordable automotive insurance coverage. Plus, we’ll discover different insurance coverage choices and ideas for negotiating your coverage. So, if you happen to’re in search of inexpensive automotive insurance coverage in Modesto, CA, that is your one-stop store.
Introduction to Modesto CA Automobile Insurance coverage
Modesto, CA, like many different areas, presents a various automotive insurance coverage market, catering to varied wants and budgets. Components influencing premiums are sometimes advanced, but understanding them might help drivers safe essentially the most appropriate protection. Navigating the choices might be difficult, however understanding the several types of insurance coverage and their common prices is essential for knowledgeable selections.The price of automotive insurance coverage in Modesto, CA, is influenced by a number of key elements.
These embrace driving historical past, automobile kind, location, and private particulars. For instance, drivers with a historical past of accidents or visitors violations usually face increased premiums, reflecting the elevated threat related to their driving conduct. Equally, newer, dearer autos are likely to have increased insurance coverage prices, and areas with increased charges of theft or accidents might command premium costs.
Moreover, elements reminiscent of age, gender, and credit score historical past also can have an effect on insurance coverage prices.
Sorts of Automobile Insurance coverage Out there
Modesto, CA, gives a wide range of automotive insurance coverage choices to go well with totally different wants and monetary conditions. Drivers can select from liability-only protection, which protects towards damages prompted to others, to complete protection, encompassing a wider vary of potential dangers. Every kind of protection gives totally different ranges of safety, and choosing the correct one is essential to safeguarding private belongings and monetary well-being.
Common Automobile Insurance coverage Charges in Modesto, CA
| Protection Stage | Common Fee (Estimated) | Description | Further Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Legal responsibility Solely | $1,000 – $1,500 yearly | Covers damages to others in an accident however doesn’t shield your automobile. | Fundamental protection, usually the least costly possibility, however gives minimal safety. |
| Full Protection | $1,500 – $2,500 yearly | Contains legal responsibility, collision, and complete protection. This gives the broadest safety towards most dangers. | Offers safety for the insured automobile towards harm from numerous causes. |
| Collision | $300 – $700 yearly (along with legal responsibility or full protection) | Covers damages to your automobile in an accident, no matter who’s at fault. | Necessary for shielding your funding within the automobile. |
Be aware: These are estimated charges and will differ considerably primarily based on particular person circumstances. It’s essential to seek the advice of with insurance coverage suppliers for customized quotes.
Discovering Low cost Automobile Insurance coverage in Modesto
Securing inexpensive automotive insurance coverage in Modesto, like in some other space, requires strategic planning and diligent comparability. Understanding the varied elements influencing premiums and using sensible comparability strategies are key to discovering the very best deal. Many drivers underestimate the potential financial savings out there via cautious consideration of various choices.
Methods for Reasonably priced Automobile Insurance coverage
Discovering inexpensive automotive insurance coverage entails proactive measures. One key technique is to match quotes from a number of insurance coverage suppliers. This permits drivers to determine essentially the most aggressive charges tailor-made to their particular wants. Recurrently reviewing and updating insurance coverage insurance policies is essential to sustaining cost-effectiveness.
Evaluating Insurance coverage Quotes, Low cost automotive insurance coverage modesto ca
Evaluating insurance coverage quotes successfully is paramount to discovering the very best deal. Make the most of on-line comparability instruments or work with an impartial insurance coverage agent. These sources permit for side-by-side comparisons of protection choices and pricing from a number of insurers. Be meticulous in reviewing every quote, making certain all protection particulars align with particular person necessities.
Significance of Bundling Insurance coverage Insurance policies
Bundling insurance coverage insurance policies, reminiscent of combining automotive insurance coverage with residence or renters insurance coverage, usually results in substantial financial savings. Insurance coverage firms regularly supply reductions for bundled insurance policies, leveraging economies of scale to offer decrease premiums for a number of insurance policies. This strategy can considerably cut back general insurance coverage prices, making it a worthwhile technique for cost-conscious drivers.
Reductions Out there to Modesto Residents
Quite a few reductions can be found to Modesto residents. Protected driving historical past, sustaining a superb credit score rating, and enrolling in defensive driving programs can all contribute to decrease premiums. Many insurers additionally supply reductions for putting in anti-theft gadgets or sustaining a secure driving file.
Frequent Insurance coverage Corporations Serving Modesto
- State Farm: A big and well-established insurer with a broad presence in Modesto, providing complete protection choices.
- Farmers Insurance coverage: A robust competitor identified for its customer support and complete insurance policies, generally out there in Modesto.
- Geico: Identified for its aggressive charges and intensive protection choices. They’re prevalent in Modesto and supply handy on-line providers.
- Progressive: One other fashionable insurer identified for its accessible on-line quote instruments and numerous protection packages, frequent in Modesto.
- Allstate: With a variety of insurance coverage merchandise, Allstate is a serious participant within the Modesto market, usually offering aggressive pricing and complete insurance policies.
Components Affecting Modesto Automobile Insurance coverage Charges
Securing inexpensive automotive insurance coverage in Modesto, California, hinges on understanding the elements influencing premiums. These components, from driving habits to automobile traits, play a major function in figuring out your insurance coverage prices. Understanding these elements empowers you to make knowledgeable selections and doubtlessly cut back your insurance coverage bills.Quite a few variables affect your Modesto automotive insurance coverage charges. These elements, whereas usually interconnected, individually contribute to the general premium you pay.
By comprehending these components, you may actively work in the direction of securing extra favorable charges.
Driving Historical past Affect
Driving historical past, a essential part in figuring out insurance coverage premiums, encompasses numerous facets. A clear driving file, devoid of accidents or violations, usually interprets to decrease insurance coverage prices. Conversely, a historical past marred by visitors violations or accidents, particularly extreme ones, leads to considerably increased premiums. Insurance coverage firms assess driving historical past to gauge threat, and this evaluation straight impacts the value of your coverage.
As an illustration, a driver with a number of rushing tickets or a latest at-fault accident will doubtless face a considerable improve in premiums in comparison with a driver with no such incidents.
Car Sort Affect
The kind of automobile you drive straight impacts your insurance coverage charges. Excessive-performance autos, sports activities automobiles, and luxurious fashions typically include increased premiums than normal or economical automobiles. This distinction stems from the perceived increased threat related to these autos, reflecting their elevated potential for harm and better restore prices. Equally, autos with particular security options, like anti-theft gadgets, airbags, and superior braking techniques, can affect premiums.
For instance, a sports activities automotive with a excessive horsepower engine and a handbook transmission will doubtless command the next insurance coverage premium in comparison with a compact sedan with a typical computerized transmission.
Location Affect Inside Modesto
Location inside Modesto additionally performs a vital function in figuring out insurance coverage charges. Areas with increased crime charges or accident-prone roads are likely to have increased premiums. Components like proximity to highways, accident statistics, and reported incidents inside particular neighborhoods are all thought-about by insurance coverage firms. For instance, a neighborhood identified for a excessive focus of accidents may see increased insurance coverage premiums for drivers residing in that space, in comparison with a neighborhood with a decrease accident charge.
This displays the calculated threat evaluation employed by insurance coverage firms to determine pricing.
Age and Gender Affect
Age and gender are additionally thought-about in figuring out Modesto automotive insurance coverage charges. Youthful drivers are sometimes assigned increased premiums because of their perceived increased threat of accidents. That is attributed to a mix of things, together with inexperience and doubtlessly riskier driving habits. Insurance coverage firms additionally contemplate gender in some cases, though this observe is evolving and changing into much less prevalent.
Older drivers with intensive expertise and a historical past of secure driving may even see decrease premiums. Whereas not all the time the case, some research counsel that, on common, males may expertise barely increased insurance coverage premiums than ladies. Nonetheless, this distinction is regularly influenced by different elements, like driving file, location, and the automobile kind.
Comparability of Insurance coverage Suppliers in Modesto
Navigating the Modesto automotive insurance coverage market can really feel overwhelming. Quite a few firms vie for what you are promoting, every promising aggressive charges and distinctive service. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of varied suppliers is essential for securing the absolute best protection on the most inexpensive worth. This evaluation delves into the important thing gamers within the Modesto insurance coverage panorama, analyzing their service choices, buyer evaluations, and claims processes.Selecting the best insurance coverage supplier in Modesto hinges on a number of elements.
These embrace the particular protection wants of the policyholder, the monetary stability of the insurance coverage firm, and the general status for immediate and environment friendly claims dealing with. Evaluating the providers and reputations of various firms permits for knowledgeable decision-making and ensures peace of thoughts.
Main Insurance coverage Firm Providers in Modesto
Insurance coverage suppliers in Modesto supply a wide range of providers, together with auto insurance coverage, residence insurance coverage, and life insurance coverage. Every firm usually focuses on totally different facets of those providers. Some may excel in offering aggressive charges, whereas others may prioritize complete protection choices. Understanding these variations might help shoppers choose a coverage that most accurately fits their wants.
Buyer Service Status
Customer support performs a essential function within the insurance coverage shopping for expertise. Constructive experiences can foster belief and loyalty, whereas unfavorable interactions can result in dissatisfaction and doubtlessly future avoidance of the corporate. Many suppliers preserve on-line platforms the place clients can share their experiences, usually offering worthwhile insights into the standard of service provided by totally different insurance coverage firms.
- State Farm: Often cited for its intensive community of native brokers, State Farm usually receives constructive suggestions relating to customized service and help with claims. Nonetheless, some evaluations spotlight potential delays in declare processing, which might differ primarily based on the particular declare kind and the person agent.
- Progressive: Progressive regularly earns reward for its user-friendly on-line platforms and aggressive charges. Nonetheless, some clients have expressed considerations relating to the complexity of their coverage choices and the potential for issue in understanding sure facets of the protection.
- Geico: Geico is acknowledged for its affordability and streamlined on-line processes. Whereas many purchasers admire the benefit of on-line claims submitting and coverage administration, some have reported challenges with customer support representatives, significantly relating to advanced protection points.
- Allstate: Allstate, a nationwide participant, gives a variety of protection choices. Buyer evaluations point out a mixture of experiences. Some spotlight the corporate’s responsive claims dealing with, whereas others report frustration with the complexity of their insurance policies and navigating their on-line portal.
Protection Choices
Totally different insurance coverage firms supply various ranges of protection choices. Some concentrate on offering complete packages, whereas others might concentrate on particular varieties of protection, reminiscent of collision or legal responsibility. Understanding the specifics of every coverage is essential to making sure that your automobile is sufficiently protected.
Claims Course of
The claims course of is a essential facet of any insurance coverage coverage. A streamlined and environment friendly claims course of can reduce stress and guarantee immediate decision. Shoppers ought to consider how every insurance coverage firm handles claims, together with their response time, communication channels, and general decision strategies. Corporations that present clear and detailed details about their claims course of are sometimes most well-liked.
Comparability Desk
| Insurance coverage Supplier | Buyer Service | Protection Choices | Claims Course of |
|---|---|---|---|
| State Farm | Typically constructive, with native agent help; some stories of declare processing delays | Big selection of choices, usually tailor-made to particular person wants | Typically responsive, however with potential for variability in processing time |
| Progressive | Constructive suggestions on on-line platforms; some considerations relating to coverage complexity | Aggressive charges, however doubtlessly advanced coverage choices | Person-friendly on-line platform, however potential for difficulties in understanding protection |
| Geico | Constructive evaluations for on-line processes and affordability; some customer support considerations | Aggressive charges, doubtlessly missing in tailor-made protection choices | Streamlined on-line claims, however potential challenges with advanced points |
| Allstate | Blended evaluations; some report responsive claims dealing with, others discover insurance policies advanced | Big selection of protection; usually with advanced coverage choices | Doubtlessly responsive, however navigating the net platform might be difficult |
Suggestions for Negotiating Modesto Automobile Insurance coverage Charges
Securing essentially the most inexpensive automotive insurance coverage in Modesto, CA, requires extra than simply evaluating quotes. Negotiation performs a major function in reaching the absolute best charges. Understanding the elements influencing insurance coverage premiums and using efficient negotiation methods can result in substantial financial savings.Efficient negotiation is not about haggling over each element; it is about understanding your choices and presenting a compelling case for a decrease premium.
This entails understanding your coverage’s phrases, figuring out hidden prices, and speaking successfully along with your insurance coverage agent. By following these methods, you may doubtlessly decrease your insurance coverage invoice whereas sustaining complete protection.
Understanding Coverage Phrases
Figuring out the main points of your insurance coverage coverage is paramount to profitable negotiation. This entails familiarizing your self with protection limits, deductibles, and exclusions. Clear understanding of coverage phrases lets you determine potential areas for enchancment or needed changes to higher fit your wants. As an illustration, the next deductible may result in decrease premiums, nevertheless it’s essential to evaluate whether or not you may comfortably afford the upper out-of-pocket bills in case of a declare.
Equally, understanding the scope of protection for particular incidents, reminiscent of accidents involving uninsured drivers, is important to keep away from disagreeable surprises later.
Figuring out Hidden Charges or Prices
Hidden charges can considerably inflate your insurance coverage premiums. Totally reviewing your coverage paperwork and asking clarifying questions can reveal these expenses. Frequent hidden prices embrace administrative charges, processing charges, or further protection surcharges. Insurance coverage suppliers usually supply numerous add-on coverages like roadside help or rental automotive insurance coverage, which may improve your premium with out clear indication. Be cautious of unclear or ambiguous clauses in your coverage.
Negotiating with an Insurance coverage Agent
A talented strategy when negotiating with an insurance coverage agent is essential. Begin by clearly stating your targets and desired outcomes. Current a concise and well-reasoned argument for a decrease premium. Help your case with related data, reminiscent of a comparability of charges from totally different suppliers or your improved driving file. For instance, when you have a clear driving file or have taken defensive driving programs, spotlight these achievements to exhibit your accountable driving habits.
Specific your willingness to discover totally different protection choices, however all the time make sure the important protections are maintained. Be ready to compromise, however by no means sacrifice needed protection.
Profitable Negotiation Techniques
A number of ways can improve your negotiation efforts. Evaluating quotes from totally different insurance coverage suppliers is a basic step. Highlighting any reductions you qualify for, reminiscent of these primarily based on good driving historical past or anti-theft gadgets, can considerably cut back premiums. Being well-prepared and understanding your choices can considerably strengthen your negotiation place. Be well mannered and respectful, and concentrate on discovering a mutually useful answer.
Lastly, bear in mind to keep up clear and open communication all through the negotiation course of. As an illustration, if you happen to’re in search of a discount in your premium, clarify your causes clearly and respectfully. Additionally, be keen to compromise to realize a passable end result.
Options to Conventional Automobile Insurance coverage
Past the acquainted insurance policies, Modesto residents have entry to a spread of different automotive insurance coverage choices. These alternate options can generally supply a more cost effective strategy, although they could not present the identical complete protection as conventional insurance policies. Understanding the nuances of those choices is essential to creating knowledgeable selections.Exploring different insurance coverage choices generally is a sensible solution to doubtlessly cut back prices whereas sustaining important protection.
Evaluating the professionals and cons of every different is essential, as is evaluating them to straightforward insurance policies to see which gives the very best steadiness of safety and affordability.
Particular Various Insurance coverage Sorts
A number of varieties of insurance coverage choices diverge from conventional fashions, doubtlessly providing financial savings. Understanding the nuances of every kind is essential to selecting the right match. These alternate options can cater to particular wants and circumstances.
- Utilization-Based mostly Insurance coverage: This strategy tracks driving habits, reminiscent of pace and mileage, to find out premiums. Drivers with secure driving information can see substantial reductions, whereas these with poor habits might face increased premiums. For instance, a driver who primarily makes use of their automotive for brief journeys and avoids rushing might see a major lower of their insurance coverage prices. Conversely, a driver who regularly takes lengthy journeys and drives aggressively may pay extra.
- Pay-As-You-Go Insurance coverage: This method, usually used for short-term or occasional driving, permits cost for protection primarily based on the precise utilization. This may very well be appropriate for infrequent drivers or those that solely use their automotive for particular functions. An individual who solely makes use of their automotive for commuting to work just a few occasions per week may discover any such insurance coverage more cost effective than a typical coverage.
Nonetheless, protection is likely to be restricted to particular conditions.
- Excessive-Deductible Insurance coverage: The sort of coverage usually comes with a decrease premium however requires a bigger upfront cost (the deductible) within the occasion of an accident or harm. It may be a cost-saving measure for drivers who really feel assured of their means to deal with smaller restore payments, particularly for these with wonderful driving information. As an illustration, a younger driver with a spotless driving file may contemplate this selection in the event that they really feel snug dealing with smaller restore prices.
Evaluating Options to Conventional Protection
When evaluating different insurance coverage choices, it is vital to think about the trade-offs between value and protection. The comparability ought to embody not solely premium prices but in addition the restrictions of protection and potential out-of-pocket bills.
| Various Possibility | Description | Price Comparability | Execs/Cons |
|---|---|---|---|
| Utilization-Based mostly Insurance coverage | Premiums primarily based on driving habits | Doubtlessly decrease or increased relying on driving file | Execs: Financial savings for secure drivers, Cons: Larger premiums for dangerous drivers |
| Pay-As-You-Go Insurance coverage | Fee for protection primarily based on utilization | Doubtlessly decrease for rare drivers | Execs: Price-effective for infrequent use, Cons: Restricted protection in some conditions |
| Excessive-Deductible Insurance coverage | Decrease premiums with increased deductibles | Decrease premiums however increased out-of-pocket prices | Execs: Decrease premiums, Cons: Larger deductibles, potential for bigger out-of-pocket bills |
Particular Protection Choices for Modesto Drivers
Navigating the advanced panorama of automotive insurance coverage can really feel overwhelming, particularly in a area like Modesto, CA, with its distinctive driving situations and potential dangers. Understanding the particular protection choices out there is essential for making certain satisfactory safety and peace of thoughts. This part delves into the important coverages tailor-made to Modesto drivers, contemplating elements like automobile kind and particular person driving profiles.Selecting the best protection is paramount to safeguarding your monetary well-being in case of accidents or different unexpected circumstances.
By fastidiously evaluating the out there choices and contemplating the particular wants of your automobile and driving habits, you may choose the best insurance coverage bundle in your particular person state of affairs.
Protection Choices for Totally different Car Sorts
Totally different autos current distinctive insurance coverage wants. Understanding these variations is important for choosing essentially the most applicable coverage. Components like automobile age, worth, and make/mannequin influence the required protection quantities.
- Traditional/Vintage Automobiles: Specialised protection could also be needed for traditional or vintage automobiles, as normal insurance policies may not absolutely deal with the distinctive wants and potential restore prices related to these autos. Insurance coverage suppliers usually supply specialised insurance policies or endorsements that cater to the particular calls for of those autos.
- Luxurious/Excessive-Worth Automobiles: Larger insurance coverage premiums is likely to be required for luxurious autos, as the worth of the automotive itself and potential for better harm necessitate increased protection limits. Think about complete protection to guard towards theft, vandalism, and accidents. Complete protection choices will usually present the next payout in comparison with collision protection.
- Electrical Automobiles (EVs): EVs might have totally different insurance coverage necessities in comparison with conventional autos. Whereas EVs usually have fewer transferring components, the battery pack and specialised charging elements current distinctive issues. Coverage suppliers might supply particular endorsements for EV protection.
Further Coverages in Modesto
Past the usual coverages, sure further choices could also be useful for drivers in Modesto, CA. These coverages can deal with particular dangers or wants related to the area.
- Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist Protection: This protection is essential in areas with increased charges of uninsured drivers. It gives monetary safety if you happen to’re concerned in an accident with a driver missing satisfactory insurance coverage.
- Rental Reimbursement: This protection reimburses you for rental automotive bills in case your automobile is broken or totaled in an accident. It’s important for making certain you’ve transportation through the restore interval.
- Roadside Help: This protection gives assist with flat tires, jump-starts, and different frequent roadside emergencies. In a area like Modesto with numerous driving situations, roadside help might be particularly useful.
Understanding Particular Protection Wants
Precisely assessing your particular person wants is essential for choosing the correct protection. Think about elements like your driving historical past, automobile worth, and monetary state of affairs when evaluating totally different coverage choices.
- Excessive-Danger Drivers: Drivers with a historical past of accidents or violations might face increased premiums and restricted protection choices. Nonetheless, insurance coverage suppliers should supply insurance policies, however with doubtlessly increased premiums and stringent necessities. It’s important to match insurance policies and search skilled recommendation when figuring out applicable protection.
Examples of Excessive-Danger Drivers and Related Protection
Figuring out high-risk drivers and the suitable coverages is essential for efficient threat administration.
| Driver Profile | Potential Protection Wants |
|---|---|
| Teen drivers with restricted expertise | Larger legal responsibility limits, doubtlessly together with guardian/guardian legal responsibility protection |
| Drivers with a historical past of rushing tickets or accidents | Elevated legal responsibility protection, complete protection to deal with potential damages and prices. |
| Drivers dwelling in areas with excessive accident charges | Larger legal responsibility protection and uninsured/underinsured motorist safety. |
Defending Your Rights as a Modesto Automobile Insurance coverage Buyer
Figuring out your rights as a Modesto automotive insurance coverage policyholder is essential. Understanding these rights empowers you to navigate the insurance coverage course of confidently and resolve potential points successfully. This part particulars your rights, declare submitting procedures, dispute decision choices, and enchantment processes. It additionally highlights conditions the place in search of authorized counsel is helpful.
Policyholder Rights
Your Modesto automotive insurance coverage coverage Artikels your particular rights. These rights usually embrace the correct to honest and immediate service, correct details about your protection, and the chance to deal with any considerations promptly. Understanding your coverage’s phrases and situations is important for safeguarding your pursuits.
Declare Submitting Course of
Submitting a declare successfully is important. The method usually entails reporting the accident to the insurance coverage firm promptly, offering needed documentation, and cooperating with investigations. Precisely documenting the incident, together with pictures, witness statements, and police stories, can strengthen your declare.
Dispute Decision and Dissatisfaction
Insurance coverage firms have established inner dispute decision processes. Familiarize your self with these processes to successfully deal with any dissatisfaction with the service you obtain. This will contain escalating considerations via designated channels throughout the firm. Think about contacting your insurance coverage agent for help with the method.
Interesting a Denied Declare
In case your declare is denied, you’ve the correct to enchantment. Your coverage usually particulars the enchantment course of, which frequently entails offering further documentation or clarifying the circumstances surrounding the declare. Understanding the enchantment course of and deadlines is important for efficiently pursuing your declare. Many insurance coverage firms supply clear tips and kinds for interesting denied claims.
When Authorized Counsel is Vital
Authorized counsel could also be needed in sure conditions. As an illustration, if the insurance coverage firm just isn’t responding to your declare or enchantment, or if there is a advanced situation that wants a authorized perspective, in search of authorized help is suggested. If the insurance coverage firm is unresponsive to your considerations or if there are vital discrepancies within the protection particulars or the declare course of, consulting a authorized skilled could also be warranted.
That is very true when the denied declare entails vital monetary losses. A authorized skilled can present steerage on navigating the method and defending your rights. Advanced points, like these involving vital property harm or private accidents, usually necessitate authorized intervention.
End result Abstract: Low cost Automobile Insurance coverage Modesto Ca
Navigating the world of low cost automotive insurance coverage in Modesto, CA can really feel overwhelming. However by understanding the elements affecting charges, evaluating suppliers, and exploring negotiation ways, you may confidently discover the very best deal in your wants. Bear in mind, your insurance coverage is a vital funding, and this information equips you with the information to make knowledgeable selections and lower your expenses. Joyful driving!
Clarifying Questions
Q: What are the everyday elements influencing automotive insurance coverage premiums in Modesto, CA?
A: Issues like your driving file (tickets, accidents), your automobile kind (sports activities automobiles are sometimes dearer), your location inside Modesto (some areas might need increased charges), and your age and gender all play a task.
Q: How can I evaluate quotes from totally different insurance coverage suppliers?
A: Use on-line comparability instruments! Many web sites will let you enter your data and get quotes from numerous suppliers in a single place. This makes evaluating choices tremendous simple.
Q: Are there any reductions out there for Modesto residents?
A: Completely! Many insurance coverage firms supply reductions for issues like good driving information, bundling insurance policies (like combining your automotive and residential insurance coverage), and even for being a scholar.
Q: What are some different insurance coverage choices to conventional protection?
A: Some alternate options embrace usage-based insurance coverage, the place charges alter primarily based in your driving habits, or particular protection choices that target sure varieties of damages.
