A cylindrical, laboratory glassware merchandise, ceaselessly product of glass or plastic, with particular dimensions of 13 mm in diameter and 100 mm in size, is often used for holding, mixing, and heating small quantities of liquid or stable chemical compounds throughout experiments. For instance, a chemist would possibly make use of this vessel to look at a response between two reagents, or a biologist may use it to domesticate a small pattern of microorganisms.
The utility of this laboratory staple lies in its manageable measurement, permitting for environment friendly dealing with and storage, and its suitability for a variety of functions, from qualitative evaluation to preparatory work. Its widespread adoption stems from a protracted historical past of use in scientific analysis, establishing it as a dependable and cost-effective instrument for researchers throughout varied disciplines.
Given its elementary function in scientific processes, additional dialogue will deal with particular functions of this merchandise in various fields, optimum dealing with methods to make sure experimental accuracy, and concerns for materials choice based mostly on the meant use.
1. Standardized dimensions
The idea of standardized dimensions is paramount within the context of laboratory tools, notably in regards to the universally acknowledged merchandise with measurements 13 x 100 mm. These established dimensions aren’t arbitrary; they’re important for making certain consistency, reproducibility, and compatibility throughout various scientific experiments and methodologies.
-
Quantity Accuracy and Measurement
The mounted diameter and size of a 13 x 100 mm vessel immediately affect its quantity capability. This standardization permits researchers to precisely measure and dispense liquids, a important consider quantitative analyses and chemical reactions the place exact ratios of reagents are required. Deviations from these commonplace dimensions would introduce errors in quantity measurements, compromising experimental integrity.
-
Tools Compatibility
The adoption of standardized dimensions facilitates seamless integration with different laboratory devices and equipment. Racks, centrifuges, and heating blocks are designed to accommodate vessels of particular dimensions. A 13 x 100 mm specification ensures that this stuff can be utilized with suitable tools with out modification or danger of injury, streamlining workflows and minimizing potential hazards.
-
Inter-Laboratory Reproducibility
The adherence to dimensional requirements allows the replication of experiments throughout completely different laboratories. Researchers can confidently reproduce outcomes obtained in different amenities, figuring out that the scale of the vessels used will probably be constant, thus eliminating a possible supply of variation. This reproducibility is crucial for validating scientific findings and constructing a strong physique of data.
-
Ease of Dealing with and Storage
The outlined proportions of 13 x 100 mm vessel contribute to ease of dealing with and storage inside a laboratory setting. Their manageable measurement permits for environment friendly manipulation throughout experiments and compact storage in racks or containers. This practicality improves workflow effectivity and minimizes the chance of accidents or spills as a consequence of awkward dimensions.
In abstract, the standardized dimensions of the 13 x 100 mm vessel aren’t merely a matter of comfort; they’re elementary to the reliability, reproducibility, and compatibility of scientific experiments. Their significance extends throughout varied disciplines, reinforcing the importance of standardization in scientific apply.
2. Glass or plastic
The selection between glass and plastic as the fabric for a 13 x 100 mm vessel basically impacts its utility and efficiency in a laboratory setting. Materials choice determines chemical compatibility, temperature resistance, optical properties, and mechanical power, all important components affecting experimental outcomes. For instance, borosilicate glass displays excessive resistance to thermal shock, making it appropriate for heating liquids or performing reactions that generate warmth. Conversely, sure plastics, similar to polypropylene, supply superior chemical resistance to hydrofluoric acid, which readily corrodes glass.
The choice course of should think about the precise necessities of the experiment. Functions involving natural solvents would possibly necessitate glass because of the potential for plastic degradation or leaching. In distinction, conditions the place impression resistance is paramount, similar to in instructional laboratories or discipline work, plastic variants supply a safer, extra sturdy various, mitigating the chance of breakage and subsequent hazard publicity. Moreover, optical readability, essential for spectrophotometric measurements, is usually greater in glass, though specialised clear plastics can be found.
In conclusion, the choice to make the most of a glass or plastic 13 x 100 mm vessel represents a important consideration, necessitating a radical analysis of the experimental situations and desired properties. Understanding the inherent benefits and limitations of every materials ensures acceptable choice, contributing to information accuracy, security, and general experimental success. The interaction between the fabric and the applying is thus paramount for efficient laboratory apply.
3. Chemical Resistance
The chemical resistance of a 13 x 100 mm vessel dictates its suitability for holding and reacting various chemical substances, a important facet for experimental integrity and security. Materials degradation can compromise experimental outcomes, probably resulting in faulty information and dangerous conditions.
-
Materials Composition and Inertness
The fabric from which a 13 x 100 mm vessel is constructedtypically glass or plasticdetermines its inertness. Borosilicate glass, as an example, displays broad resistance to acids, bases, and natural solvents, making it a general-purpose selection. Nonetheless, it’s inclined to hydrofluoric acid assault. Polypropylene, a typical plastic various, presents resistance to many acids and bases, however might degrade upon publicity to sure natural solvents. The suitable choice of materials based mostly on anticipated chemical publicity is paramount.
-
Leaching and Contamination
Chemical incompatibility can result in leaching, the place constituents of the vessel materials dissolve into the contained substance, contaminating the pattern and altering the response. For instance, sure plasticizers in some plastic varieties can leach into natural solvents, affecting the accuracy of delicate analyses. This phenomenon necessitates cautious consideration of the vessel’s composition to stop undesirable interactions.
-
Impression on Experimental Outcomes
The integrity of experimental outcomes is immediately linked to the chemical resistance of the containing vessel. Reactions involving hint steel evaluation, for instance, require vessels with minimal steel content material to stop interference. Equally, reactions delicate to pH modifications demand vessels that don’t launch acidic or fundamental compounds. Deciding on chemically resistant vessels ensures that experimental outcomes precisely replicate the meant reactions, uncompromised by materials interactions.
-
Security Issues
Compromised chemical resistance poses important security dangers. Vessel degradation can result in leaks, spills, and even explosions when incompatible chemical compounds are blended. As an example, utilizing a vessel not rated for sturdy oxidizers can lead to a violent response. Correct chemical compatibility data and adherence to security pointers are important to stop accidents and keep a secure laboratory setting.
In conclusion, the chemical resistance of a 13 x 100 mm vessel is a pivotal issue influencing experimental accuracy, information reliability, and laboratory security. Thorough consideration of fabric properties and chemical compatibility is crucial to make sure the profitable and secure execution of scientific procedures involving these widespread laboratory gadgets.
4. Thermal properties
The thermal properties of a 13 x 100 mm vessel immediately affect its suitability for experiments involving temperature modifications, heating, or cooling. These properties, dictated by the fabric’s composition (glass or plastic), decide the vessel’s capability to face up to thermal stress, conduct warmth, and keep pattern integrity beneath various temperatures. As an example, borosilicate glass displays a excessive resistance to thermal shock, that means it might probably endure fast temperature modifications with out fracturing. This makes it appropriate for functions like heating options immediately over a Bunsen burner. In distinction, commonplace soda-lime glass is extra inclined to thermal stress and is usually averted for high-temperature functions. Plastic variants, similar to polypropylene, have decrease warmth resistance and are usually used for experiments at or under room temperature, or for holding options which are delicate to steel ions probably leached from glass at greater temperatures.
Thermal conductivity additionally performs a task. Greater thermal conductivity facilitates uniform heating or cooling of the contents. Glass, being a comparatively good conductor of warmth in comparison with some plastics, ensures that the liquid inside is evenly heated. That is essential for reactions requiring a particular temperature gradient or for precisely measuring response kinetics. The vessel’s thickness additional impacts warmth switch. A thicker-walled vessel will warmth or cool extra slowly than a thinner-walled one of many identical materials. In apply, a scientist performing a polymerase chain response (PCR) might use thin-walled plastic tubes to make sure fast and uniform temperature modifications required for the amplification course of. Conversely, a distillation course of might make the most of a thicker-walled glass vessel for managed heating.
In abstract, the thermal properties of a 13 x 100 mm vessel are a important consideration in experimental design. Understanding these properties ensures correct materials choice, stopping vessel failure, sustaining pattern integrity, and optimizing experimental outcomes. The selection between glass and plastic, and even amongst various kinds of every, ought to be based mostly on the precise temperature necessities and thermal sensitivities of the experiment being carried out.
5. Quantity capability
The amount capability of a 13 x 100 mm vessel is a important parameter immediately influencing its applicability in laboratory procedures. This capability, decided by the interior dimensions of the vessel, dictates the amount of substance that may be contained, and due to this fact, the size of reactions or analyses that may be carried out.
-
Theoretical vs. Sensible Quantity
Whereas the scale of a 13 x 100 mm vessel counsel a sure theoretical quantity based mostly on geometric calculations, the sensible or usable quantity is usually much less. This distinction arises as a consequence of components such because the meniscus of liquids, the necessity for headspace to facilitate mixing, and the avoidance of spillage. As an example, a vessel with these dimensions would possibly theoretically maintain roughly 10 mL, however in apply, it could be restricted to 7-8 mL for efficient use in reactions requiring mixing.
-
Impression on Response Stoichiometry
The amount capability immediately impacts the stoichiometry of reactions carried out throughout the vessel. Correct measurements of reactant volumes are essential for reaching desired response outcomes. A restricted quantity capability restricts the molar portions of reactants that can be utilized, probably affecting response kinetics and equilibrium. Subsequently, cautious consideration of reactant concentrations and volumes is critical when working with this particular vessel measurement.
-
Centrifugation Issues
When using a 13 x 100 mm vessel for centrifugation, the amount capability is a big consider figuring out the suitable centrifuge settings and rotor compatibility. Overfilling the vessel can result in imbalances and potential rotor harm, whereas underfilling might lead to inefficient separation. Subsequently, adherence to advisable quantity limits is crucial for secure and efficient centrifugation procedures.
-
Storage and Incubation Functions
The amount capability additionally dictates the suitability of the vessel for storing samples or incubating cultures. For brief-term storage of reagents or samples, the vessel supplies a handy, small-scale container. In incubation functions, the amount capability influences the out there oxygen or nutrient ranges for microorganisms, thus impacting development charges. The amount should be acceptable for the specified incubation interval and the precise wants of the tradition.
In abstract, the amount capability of a 13 x 100 mm vessel is a defining attribute that governs its utility in varied laboratory duties. Correct understanding and administration of this parameter are essential for making certain correct, secure, and reproducible experimental outcomes. The restricted quantity inherent on this vessel measurement necessitates cautious planning and execution of experimental procedures.
6. Sterilization strategies
The efficacy of experiments carried out utilizing a 13 x 100 mm vessel is basically depending on the sterilization strategies employed previous to its use. Contamination, originating from improperly sterilized glassware, can introduce extraneous variables that invalidate experimental outcomes, notably in microbiology, cell tradition, and delicate analytical chemistry functions. Consequently, deciding on an acceptable sterilization technique is just not merely a procedural step, however a important management measure.
Autoclaving, using high-pressure steam, is a typical sterilization method relevant to those vessels when constructed of borosilicate glass or sure autoclavable plastics. This technique successfully eliminates micro organism, viruses, and spores, rendering the vessel sterile. Nonetheless, repeated autoclaving can regularly degrade some plastics, necessitating periodic substitute. Dry warmth sterilization, an alternative choice, entails subjecting the vessel to excessive temperatures in a dry oven. Whereas appropriate for glassware, this technique is usually not relevant to plastic as a consequence of their decrease melting factors. Chemical sterilization, using brokers like ethylene oxide or peracetic acid, presents another for heat-sensitive supplies, however requires thorough rinsing to take away residual sterilant that would intrude with subsequent experiments. The chosen technique ought to be validated to make sure full elimination of contaminants, usually by way of using organic indicators.
In conclusion, the choice and implementation of acceptable sterilization strategies for 13 x 100 mm vessels are integral to making sure the reliability and accuracy of scientific analysis. Neglecting this important step can result in compromised information, deceptive conclusions, and potential security hazards. The selection of technique should align with the fabric composition of the vessel and the precise necessities of the meant utility, emphasizing the necessity for a radical understanding of sterilization ideas and finest practices.
7. Pattern visibility
Pattern visibility inside a 13 x 100 mm vessel is an important issue immediately influencing commentary, evaluation, and information acquisition throughout scientific experimentation. The flexibility to obviously view the contents of the vessel facilitates correct monitoring of reactions, exact measurements, and efficient identification of bodily modifications throughout the pattern. This attribute is paramount in varied fields, together with chemistry, biology, and supplies science.
-
Materials Transparency and Optical Readability
The fabric composition of the 13 x 100 mm vessel usually glass or plastic considerably impacts its transparency and optical readability. Glass, notably borosilicate glass, usually presents superior transparency, permitting for unobstructed visible inspection of the pattern. Clear plastics may also present good visibility, however might exhibit decrease optical readability or develop scratches over time, probably distorting the view. The selection of fabric ought to align with the necessity for clear commentary throughout the experiment.
-
Lighting Situations and Background Distinction
Optimum pattern visibility is contingent upon enough lighting situations and acceptable background distinction. Correct illumination ensures that the pattern is clearly seen, whereas a contrasting background enhances the power to discern refined modifications, similar to shade shifts or precipitate formation. Utilizing a light-weight field or a darkish background can enhance the visible distinction, particularly when working with colorless or translucent samples throughout the 13 x 100 mm vessel.
-
Meniscus Results and Quantity Measurement
Pattern visibility is important for correct quantity measurements throughout the 13 x 100 mm vessel. The meniscus, the curved floor of a liquid throughout the vessel, should be clearly seen to make sure exact studying of the liquid stage. Errors in quantity measurement can compromise the stoichiometry of reactions and the accuracy of analytical outcomes. Correct lighting and a transparent view of the meniscus are important for minimizing these errors.
-
Commentary of Reactions and Section Modifications
Pattern visibility is paramount for observing reactions and section modifications occurring throughout the 13 x 100 mm vessel. The flexibility to visually monitor the progress of a response, the formation of precipitates, or the separation of phases permits researchers to make real-time changes and gather helpful information. Clear visibility ensures that important occasions aren’t missed, contributing to a extra full understanding of the experimental course of.
These aspects emphasize the important hyperlink between pattern visibility and the efficacy of utilizing a 13 x 100 mm vessel in varied scientific contexts. Satisfactory visibility enhances commentary, measurement accuracy, and general experimental management, in the end contributing to extra dependable and significant analysis outcomes. Selecting the best vessel materials, optimizing lighting situations, and understanding meniscus results are key concerns for maximizing pattern visibility and making certain the success of experimental procedures.
8. Centrifugation compatibility
Centrifugation compatibility, when thought-about within the context of a 13 x 100 mm vessel, denotes the power of the vessel to face up to the forces generated throughout centrifugation with out failure or compromise to the pattern integrity. This can be a essential attribute, as centrifugation is a ceaselessly employed method for separating elements inside a liquid combination based mostly on density. Incompatible vessels can rupture, resulting in pattern loss, tools harm, and potential security hazards.
-
Materials Power and G-Drive Score
The fabric of the vessel, be it glass or plastic, determines its capability to face up to centrifugal forces, usually measured in g-force (gravitational drive equivalents). Sure plastics, like polypropylene, are chosen for his or her excessive tensile power and resistance to cracking beneath stress, permitting them to endure greater g-forces. Borosilicate glass, whereas chemically resistant, might be extra inclined to breakage beneath fast acceleration and excessive g-forces. A 13 x 100 mm vessel should be rated for the utmost g-force to be utilized throughout the centrifugation course of, making certain that it stays intact all through the process.
-
Rotor Compatibility and Match
The scale of the 13 x 100 mm vessel should be suitable with the rotor of the centrifuge getting used. Rotors are designed with particular effectively sizes to accommodate specific vessel varieties. An improper match can result in uneven distribution of drive, probably inflicting the vessel to shatter or leak. Adaptors could also be required to make sure a safe and steady match throughout the rotor effectively. Utilizing a vessel exterior the required rotor compatibility vary is a big security danger.
-
Sealing and Leak Prevention
The presence and integrity of a cap or closure system are important for sustaining a safe seal throughout centrifugation. A poorly sealed 13 x 100 mm vessel can leak, resulting in pattern loss, contamination of the centrifuge, and potential aerosolization of hazardous supplies. Screw-cap tubes or tightly becoming stoppers are sometimes employed to make sure a leak-proof seal. The sealing mechanism should be examined and verified to face up to the stress modifications that happen throughout centrifugation.
-
Chemical Compatibility with Pattern
The fabric of the 13 x 100 mm vessel should be chemically suitable with the pattern being centrifuged. Incompatible supplies can degrade, leach contaminants into the pattern, or weaken the vessel’s construction. For instance, natural solvents might dissolve or weaken sure plastics, compromising the vessel’s integrity throughout centrifugation. Deciding on a vessel materials that’s chemically inert to the pattern is essential for sustaining each pattern integrity and vessel stability.
Subsequently, centrifugation compatibility for a 13 x 100 mm vessel extends past merely becoming right into a centrifuge rotor. It encompasses materials power, rotor compatibility, sealing mechanisms, and chemical compatibility. Addressing every of those aspects ensures the secure and efficient use of the vessel in centrifugation processes, contributing to dependable experimental outcomes and minimizing potential hazards.
9. Price-effectiveness
The fee-effectiveness of a 13 x 100 mm vessel is a big consider laboratory budgeting and experimental design. Its comparatively low per-unit price, in comparison with bigger or extra specialised laboratory tools, permits for intensive use throughout various scientific disciplines. This financial benefit is especially pronounced in instructional settings and analysis amenities with constrained monetary assets, the place the power to amass and make the most of a big amount of those vessels is crucial for conducting a number of experiments and coaching personnel. Moreover, the widespread availability and standardized manufacturing processes contribute to their constant affordability, minimizing procurement prices and simplifying provide chain administration. Using these vessels usually represents a steadiness between performance and financial system, permitting researchers to allocate assets to different important elements of their work.
The fabric chosenglass or plasticfurther influences the price equation. Whereas glass variants usually supply higher chemical resistance and potential for reuse after sterilization, their greater preliminary price and susceptibility to breakage can enhance long-term bills. Plastic choices, although usually much less sturdy and probably restricted in chemical compatibility, current a decrease upfront price and lowered danger of shattering, making them a sensible selection for high-throughput screening or disposable functions. Consideration should even be given to oblique prices, similar to labor related to cleansing reusable glassware, which might offset the obvious financial savings. Subsequently, a complete cost-benefit evaluation, encompassing preliminary buy worth, sturdiness, chemical compatibility, and upkeep necessities, is essential for optimizing laboratory expenditures.
In conclusion, the cost-effectiveness of a 13 x 100 mm vessel is a multifaceted attribute impacting laboratory operations at a number of ranges. Its inherent affordability, coupled with material-specific benefits and concerns relating to oblique bills, necessitates a strategic method to procurement and utilization. By fastidiously evaluating the experimental wants and monetary constraints, researchers can leverage the financial advantages of those widespread laboratory instruments to maximise the effectivity and impression of their scientific endeavors.
Steadily Requested Questions About 13 x 100 mm Vessels
The next questions deal with widespread inquiries in regards to the use and utility of 13 x 100 mm vessels in laboratory settings.
Query 1: What’s the optimum technique for cleansing a 13 x 100 mm vessel after use?
The cleansing technique will depend on the character of the substance beforehand contained. For normal cleansing, a laboratory detergent adopted by thorough rinsing with distilled or deionized water is adequate. For eradicating cussed residues or natural contaminants, a solvent wash could also be needed. In important functions requiring sterility, autoclaving is the advisable last step.
Query 2: Can a 13 x 100 mm vessel be used for heating liquids immediately over a Bunsen burner?
This apply is usually discouraged until the vessel is product of borosilicate glass designed for high-temperature functions. Sudden or uneven heating of normal glass vessels can result in cracking or shattering. Using a water tub or heating block is a safer various for managed heating.
Query 3: What’s the approximate quantity capability of a 13 x 100 mm vessel?
Whereas the theoretical quantity might be calculated based mostly on the scale, the sensible working quantity is usually much less. A 13 x 100 mm vessel usually holds roughly 7-8 mL of liquid to permit for mixing and forestall spillage.
Query 4: Are all 13 x 100 mm vessels autoclavable?
Not all supplies are appropriate for autoclaving. Glass vessels are usually autoclavable, however plastic vessels should be particularly designated as autoclavable. Non-autoclavable plastics can soften or deform beneath the excessive temperatures and pressures of an autoclave.
Query 5: Can a 13 x 100 mm vessel be used for long-term storage of light-sensitive compounds?
For long-term storage of light-sensitive compounds, an amber-colored vessel is advisable to attenuate gentle publicity. Clear glass or plastic vessels supply little safety towards light-induced degradation. If an amber-colored vessel is unavailable, wrapping a transparent vessel in opaque materials can present short-term safety.
Query 6: What security precautions ought to be noticed when utilizing a 13 x 100 mm vessel?
Acceptable private protecting tools, together with gloves and eye safety, ought to all the time be worn. The vessel ought to be inspected for cracks or imperfections earlier than use. When heating or mixing substances, train warning to stop spills or splashes. Make sure the vessel is suitable with the chemical compounds getting used to keep away from harmful reactions.
In abstract, these FAQs spotlight the significance of understanding the correct utilization, limitations, and security concerns related to 13 x 100 mm vessels to make sure correct and dependable experimental outcomes.
The following part will deal with the disposal protocols related to those laboratory gadgets.
Suggestions for Optimum Use of 13 x 100 mm Vessels
Adherence to established practices is important for maximizing the utility and making certain the reliability of experiments using standardized laboratory vessels.
Tip 1: Chemical Compatibility Evaluation: Prior to make use of, the chemical compatibility of the vessel materials (glass or plastic) with the meant contents should be rigorously assessed. Incompatible mixtures can lead to vessel degradation, pattern contamination, and potential security hazards. Seek advice from chemical compatibility charts and materials security information sheets (MSDS) for steering.
Tip 2: Managed Heating Procedures: Direct heating of glass vessels over an open flame ought to be restricted to borosilicate glass. Even then, gradual and managed heating strategies, similar to water baths or heating mantles, are advisable to attenuate the chance of thermal shock and subsequent vessel failure. Keep away from fast temperature fluctuations.
Tip 3: Correct Quantity Measurement: The meniscus of liquids ought to be learn at eye stage to make sure correct quantity measurement. Parallax errors can introduce important inaccuracies, notably when measuring small volumes. Make use of acceptable lighting and background distinction to boost meniscus visibility.
Tip 4: Safe Sealing and Dealing with: When mixing or transporting substances, make sure that the vessel is securely sealed with a suitable closure. Keep away from overfilling to stop spillage. Use acceptable racks or containers to attenuate the chance of unintentional tipping or breakage throughout dealing with.
Tip 5: Acceptable Sterilization Strategies: For functions requiring sterility, choose a sterilization technique suitable with the vessel materials. Autoclaving is appropriate for borosilicate glass and sure autoclavable plastics. Chemical sterilization could also be needed for heat-sensitive supplies. Confirm the effectiveness of the sterilization course of utilizing acceptable organic indicators.
Tip 6: Common Vessel Inspection: Prior to every use, completely examine vessels for cracks, chips, or different imperfections. Broken vessels can compromise experimental outcomes and pose a security danger. Discard any compromised vessels appropriately.
Tip 7: Managed Cooling After Heating: Permit heated vessels to chill regularly to room temperature earlier than washing or dealing with. Fast cooling can induce thermal stress and enhance the chance of vessel fracture.
Constant adherence to those suggestions will improve the reliability and security of experimental procedures involving standardized laboratory vessels.
The concluding part will synthesize the important thing takeaways from this dialogue, reinforcing the significance of cautious vessel choice, correct dealing with, and adherence to established laboratory protocols.
Conclusion
This exploration has detailed the multifaceted concerns surrounding the 13 x 100 mm take a look at tube, a ubiquitous merchandise in scientific laboratories. Key elements coated included materials choice, chemical resistance, thermal properties, quantity capability, sterilization strategies, pattern visibility, centrifugation compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. Every of those components considerably impacts the reliability and validity of experimental outcomes.
Subsequently, the knowledgeable and even handed utility of this elementary laboratory instrument, guided by a complete understanding of its properties and limitations, stays essential for advancing scientific data and making certain accountable analysis practices. Continued vigilance in adhering to established protocols and prioritizing security will additional maximize the advantages derived from this important element of scientific inquiry.
